History

Courses

*HIST 121 INTRODUCTION TO
U.S. HISTORY TO 1865
(3 credits)
An introduction to important trends and topics in U.S. history from the colonial period to 1865. Includes political, economic, social, cultural and diplomatic subjects with attention to questions of gender and race. (D-D)

*HIST 122 INTRODUCTION TO
U.S. HISTORY SINCE 1865
(3 credits)
An introduction to important trends and topics in U.S. history from the end of the Civil War (1865) to the present. Includes political, economic, social, cultural and diplomatic subjects, with particular attention to matters of race and gender. (D-D)

HIST 130 HISTORY OF
NONVIOLENT MOVEMENTS
(4 credits)
A general introduction to the field of peace studies and a history of nonviolent movements. Surveys theories from the tactical nonviolence of Gene Sharp to the principled nonviolence of practitioners like King and Gandhi, and explores the use of nonviolence as a means of achieving peace and effecting social change in an international and domestic context. Also listed as PAGS 130.

*HIST 220 INTRODUCTION TO EUROPEAN HISTORY (4 credits)
A survey encompassing 18th- to late 20th-century Europe, providing the major and non-major with the opportunity for an acquaintance with modern European history. Principal developments in European society, politics, religion and thought studied through lectures, discussions and readings. Special attention to connecting the spheres of women and men. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (CP)

*HIST 226 TRADITIONAL EAST ASIA (3 credits)
A survey of traditional culture in China, Viet Nam, Korea and Japan, with emphasis on China and Korea, and on East Asia as an international system. Special attention to the historical development of the great tradition in literature, art, religion, politics and social institutions. Also listed as JPNS 226. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 228 MODERN EAST ASIA (3 credits)
A survey of East Asia since about 1800, with emphasis on China and Korea, and on East Asia as an international system. Special attention to the historical development of politics, economics, society and social institutions, literature, thought and international relations. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JPNS 228. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 231 AFRICAN HISTORY TO 1880 (4 credits)
Introduces students to Africa's long and varied past. Surveys the development of the continent from the Nile Valley civilization to the loss of independence in the 1880s. Topics include Africa as the site of the earliest human development, ancient Egypt's relationship to the rest of Africa, the influence of Islam, the origins and nature of African states and empires, the organization and consequences of the Atlantic slave trade, the impact of European traders and missionaries, and the scramble for Africa in the 1880s. Pre-requisite: An Earlham Seminar, Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as AAAS 231. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 232 AFRICAN HISTORY SINCE 1880 (4 credits)
Surveys the African loss of sovereignty and the establishment of European colonial dominance in Africa. Focuses on economic, political and social distortions resulting from foreign domination. Considers the impact of African reactions to these developments. Special attention to the struggle for independence and the re-emergence of independent African states. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as AAAS 232. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 234 GENDER AND SEXUALITY IN EUROPE AND AMERICA (3 credits)
A study of ideas and expressions of gender since the 18th century and how and why they have changed. Also, a historical inquiry into sexuality with special attention to the "invention" of heterosexuality and homosexuality in the 19th century.
Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, Interpretive Practices course or consent of the
instructor. (CP, D-D)

HIST 240 SEMINAR (3 credits)
Sophomore- and junior-level seminar on selected topics, introducing advanced research and critical writing within the discipline. Previous topics have included the agrarian temper in U.S. history and nation building in Africa.

*HIST 241 ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN (3 credits)
In antiquity, the Mediterranean Sea united rather than divided cultures. Surveys cultures around the Mediterranean from the ancient mid-eastern kingdoms to the Roman Empire through the 4th century BCE. Particular attention to intellectual and religious life and to civilization contracts with sub-Saharan Africa, transalpine Europe, Arabia and Persia. Readings include primary texts. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as CLAS 241 and JWST 241. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 242 MEDIEVAL MEDITERRANEAN HISTORY (3 credits)
A unit in North African, Arab and Byzantine as well as European history. Begins with the 5th century with the breaking of Roman rule around the Mediterranean and concludes with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 and the expulsion of Spain's Jews and Moslems in 1492. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JWST 242. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 243 MEDIEVAL EUROPE (3 credits)
Western and Central Europe from the 5th through the 14th centuries. A study of the emergence of European civilization north of the Alps. Major topics include Christianization and feudalization; village and domestic life; expansion eastwards and the rise of commerce and cities; Ashkenazic Jewry; intellectual history and the rise of universities. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (CP) (AY)

*HIST 246 EUROPEAN WOMEN'S HISTORY (3 credits)
An examination of women's history in the 19th and 20th centuries across a range of European countries, with particular focus on politics, race, sexuality and culture. Employs a comparative methodology, exploring similar themes across chronology and geography. Allows students to question narrow (national, disciplinary, epistemological) boundaries and reflect upon the distinctive contributions of women's history.

HIST 248 ANTISEMITISM AND JEWISH EMANCIPATION (3 credits)
Examines the relationships among citizenship, nation-state and Jewish identity. Focuses on central questions of emancipation, assimilation, tolerance and persecution for European Jews from the Middle Ages to the Holocaust. Structured primarily around historical texts and primary sources; provides analysis and insight into the debates that have unfolded over the centuries on the question of Jewish presence, citizenship and persecution in European history. Built around a central principle that Jewish history is neither anecdotal nor marginal but actually central to European history.

*HIST 251 MEDIEVAL JEWISH HISTORY (3 credits)
The study of Jews as a nation among the nations from Second Temple times until the beginning of emancipation in the 18th century. Topics include law and self-government, treatment of Jews in Moslem and Christian societies, the development of Jewish thought and practice, and the experiences of Jewish women. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JWST 251. (CP, D-I) Offered every three years.

*HIST 252 MODERN JEWISH HISTORY AND THE HOLOCAUST (4 credits)
Studies the Holocaust or Shoah in the context of Modern Jewish History from Emancipation through 1948. Particular attention to Jewish self-definition and to Jewish responses. Secondary sources as well as select work of prose fiction and selected memoirs. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JWST 252. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 253 JEWS SINCE 1945 (4 credits)
After the Holocaust, 80 percent of the world's Jews lived in either the United States or Israel. A study of the profound cultural, political and philosophical changes accompanying this geographical change. Special attention to the Jewish communities of the United States and the effects of Jewish statehood in Israel. Readings include novels as well as histories. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JWST 253. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 254 THE HOLOCAUST AND FILM (4 credits)
Examines the question of the representation of the Holocaust as a historical event and asks how we, as citizens, can provide an adequate ethical commitment to the memory of this event. Questions asked concern issues of memory and trauma, how to do justice to survivors' experience, how to understand the scope of the Holocaust. Also examines the limitations of explanatory modes and specific issues pertaining to cinematographic representation. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as FILM 254 and JWST 254. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 270 TOPICS IN NATIVE AMERICAN HISTORY (3 credits)
A topical study of various aspects of the history of Native American history in North America from the 19th century to the present. Sample topics include Native American education and boarding schools, woodland Indians and cultural recovery, Native American women, and tribes and political identity. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor (CP, D-D) (AY)

*HIST 324 RACE AND ETHNICITY IN THE U.S. (4 credits) Research Credit.
Examines the pattern of changing social constructions of race and ethnicity in the U.S. and their profound effects on the political, social and economic lives of individuals and the country. Begins to untangle the historical roots of the social constructions of whiteness and race, and examines contemporary issues. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as AAAS 324. (D-D)

HIST 340 HISTORY OF COLONIAL EUROPE 1789-1939
(4 credits) Research Credit.
Explores the question of remapping the history of Europe: How do we provincialize Europe? Post-colonial theory and the explosion of colonial history have shown traditional assumptions of European history to be not only antiquated but fundamentally Eurocentric since they erase the very ways in which the empire has constituted Europe. Examines how the specter of empire structures determines what we understand to be Europe and the West. Prerequisite: HIST 220.

*HIST 343 RENAISSANCE AND BAROQUE EUROPE (4 credits) Research Credit.
Europe from the dawn of the modern world to the age of Louis XIV. Topics include the Renaissance and Reformation, Imperial Spain and the Dutch revolt, the rise of capitalism and the ascendancy of absolutist monarchy. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (CP) (AY)

HIST 344 DIPLOMATIC HISTORY: THE COLD WAR (3 credits)
Examines the agents and structures that shaped world politics between the end of World War II and the collapse of the Soviet Union concurrent with the Gulf War. Were these five decades "a long peace" or a period of unprecedented violence in world history? Issues and themes include socialist internationalism, McCarthyism, human rights, decolonization, national liberation movements, proxy wars, the nuclear arms race, perestroika and the New World Order. Also listed as PAGS 344. (AY)

HIST 345 ENLIGHTENMENT AND REVOLUTION (4 credits) Research Credit.
The 1789 French Revolution has been perceived as one of the foundational events of the modern era. Examines how the Enlightenment can be seen as the precursor or origin of the Revolution, how revolutionary principles could sustain the implementation of notions of rights and equality, and how the French Revolution has emerged as historical object. Prerequisite: HIST 220. (AY)

HIST 346 THE LONG CENTURY: 19TH-CENTURY EUROPE (3-4 credits)
Explores how the central developments and fundamental shifts that took shape throughout Europe were driven by the delineation of a masculine self and nation, and how those were articulated politically, intellectually and culturally. Explores such themes as working-class and middle-class culture, the emergence of mass politics and revolutions, nationalism and imperialism, gender and sexuality, science and knowledge, culture and art in the fin-de-Siecle. Prerequisite: HIST 220. (AY)

HIST 347 EUROPE AND THE WORLD WARS (4 credits) Research Credit.
Topics include military and civilian life during the First World War, the New Diplomacy, the successor states, the decline of French and British power, totalitarianisms, the Second World War, the Cold War, the fall of communism and European integration. (AY)

*HIST 353 LATIN AMERICA TO 1825 (3 credits)
An examination of the origin and development of Latin American civilization, with particular attention to the European conquest and its effect on Native Americans: the origin and development of colonial institutions and conditions which led finally to the demise of the colonial system. Also listed as LTST 353. (D-I) (AY)

*HIST 354 LATIN AMERICA SINCE 1825 (3 credits)
Emphasizes the 20th century, examining patterns of modernization, development and resistance. Sources include literature, and works reflecting religion and popular culture. Also listed as LTST 354. (D-I) (AY)

HIST 355 SOVIET AND POST-SOVIET RUSSIA (4 credits) Research Credit.
An examination of primarily Soviet history with attention to the final decades of czarism. Topics include Leninism and the Russian revolutionary tradition; the February and October revolutions; Brest-Litovsk and the origins of Soviet foreign policy; NEP and the turn to collectivization; Stalinism and terror, from the Popular Front to the Non-Aggression Pact; the Great Patriotic War; Stalin's last years, the Cold War; Khrushchev and reform; collective leadership under Brezhnev; and Gorbachev's reforms and their effects. (AY)

*HIST 356 THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT (4 credits)
Surveys the history of the modern southern Civil Rights Movement. Focusing on the campaigns and struggles in the mid 1950s and 1960s when blacks and their white allies directly confronted Jim Crow segregation in an effort to gain full citizenship rights and economics opportunity. Focuses on mass movements, with some attention to other freedom struggles, particularly before the emergence of mass activism. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as AAAS 356. (CP, D-D) (AY)

*HIST 357 READINGS IN AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN'S HISTORY (3 credits)
Explores select topics in the history of African American women from the era of antebellum slavery to the present, using such primary sources as slave narratives, autobiographies, documents and historical monographs. Topics include gender relations in the slave community, the gendered nature of slave resistance and rebellion, the politics of economic emancipation, women's activism in the struggle against racial violence and segregation and the role of women in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. Also listed as AAAS 357. (D-D) (AY)

HIST 358 TUDOR AND STUART ENGLAND (4 credits)
The history of England, 1460-1714. A topical inquiry into English society, politics and religion, including the English reformation, Tudor and Stuart kingship, the changing social order, civil war and political revolution, the emergence of Parliament, the constitutional monarchy, the religious settlement and the foundation of oligarchy. (AY)

HIST 359 HISTORY OF EDUCATION (3 credits)
Begins with the 17th century and focuses on the 19th and 20th centuries. Emphasizes the United States while drawing upon the history, experiences and philosophies of other countries or regions to help explain or clarify the U.S. development of education. Defines education as the transmission of culture, aiming at a broad understanding of the forces and factors that influence and shape public and private education at the primary and secondary level. Prerequisite: An Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as EDUC 359. (AY)

HIST 360 COLONIAL AMERICA (3 credits)
An examination of the origins of the British colonies in North America up to the outbreak of the revolution. Explores the development of colonial ideas and institutions such as Puritanism, slavery, the family, town government, the problems of imperial rule, and the character of Indian culture and its interaction with European life. Seeks to explain how these were the formative years of American life and society. Prerequisite: An Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (AY)

HIST 361 YOUNG REPUBLIC (4 credits) Research Credit.
An investigation of the origins, development and character of the new nation. Studies the causes and ideas of the American Revolution and assesses the Declaration of Independence, Articles of Confederation and Constitution. Also considers the emergence of public and especially federal institutions, the changing role of private life, slavery, nationalism, the character of democratic society, the origin of the War of 1812, education, continental expansion and the rise of sectionalism. Prerequisite: An Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (AY)

*HIST 362 AMERICA AT MID-PASSAGE: CIVIL WAR AND ITS LEGACIES
(4 credits) Research Credit.
Focuses on 19th century issues leading to the Civil War and the multilayered legacy of the war, with particular attention to race and reunification. Examines the war's transformation of politics and the economy and the efforts of various groups to resist, control or reform a society in the throes of rapid change. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (CP) (AY)

HIST 363 RECENT U.S. HISTORY (4 credits) Research Credit.
A study of social, economic, political, diplomatic and demographic developments from 1914 to present. Special attention to the social ferment of the 1920s, the experimentation of the New Deal, the origins and impact of World War II, the contours of the Cold War, McCarthyism, American intervention in Vietnam, cultural conflicts in the 1960s and 1970s including the form and function of various social protest movements, and the Reagan-Bush era. Prerequisite: An Interpretive Practices course, HIST 121, HIST 122 or consent of the instructor. (AY)

*HIST 364 WESTWARD MOVEMENT:
ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE OLD NORTHWEST (4 credits)
Research Credit.
This course examines the environmental history of Earlham's home, the Old Northwest — from the geological formation of the Great Lakes to tribal uses of the land, but primarily focusing on the last 200 years as the area changes from "wilderness" to family farms to large urban cities and industrial agriculture. Emphasis is given to the various environmental ethics that shaped resource uses, and the interrelated changes and their consequences — both intended and unintended — for wildlife species, air, soil and water quality, land use and human health, habits and choices. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as ENPR 364. (CP) (AY)

HIST 365 SOCIETY AND THOUGHT IN THE U.S. (3 credits)
An examination of major ideas shaping U.S. society. Considers the source of these ideas, the ways in which they become disseminated in the culture, and their impact on patterns of behavior. Focuses on authors whose ideas have profoundly shaped ideas of gender and family. Prerequisite: An Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor.

*HIST 366 AMERICAN POLITICAL THOUGHT (3 credits)
The development of political ideas in America from the Puritan colony experience to the present. Examines the changing concepts of the role of government and the nature of political society through the writings of major thinkers. Also listed as POLS 366. (D-I) (AY)

*HIST 367 WOMEN AND MEN IN AMERICAN SOCIETY
(4 credits) Research Credit.
A survey of U.S. social history from 1607 to the present, focusing on the historical contours of female/male sex roles. Topics include marriage, the family, child-rearing, work, education, sexuality, and gynecology and reproduction. Analyzes the effects of war, racism, slavery, immigration, industrialization and consumerism along with abolitionism, temperance, feminism, civil rights and other social protest movements. Prerequisite: An Interpretive Practices course, HIST 121 or 122, or consent of the instructor. Also listed as LGST 367 and WMNS 367. (D-D) (AY)

*HIST 368 AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY TO EMANCIPATION (4 credits)
A survey of African Americans from the era of the Atlantic slave trade to the passage of the 13th amendment. Topics include the paradox of the co-existence of slavery and freedom, the nature of the slave community, the issue of slave resistance and the role of free African Americans in the abolition movement. First-hand accounts and secondary materials give students an appreciation of the African American historical experience in the United States. Also listed as AAAS 368. (D-D) (AY)

*HIST 369 AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY SINCE EMANCIPATION (4 credits)
Surveys the history of African Americans from the era of Emancipation through the migrations that transformed blacks into a national, urban minority to the political, cultural and economic challenges in the era of conservatism. Topics include the struggle to define race and citizenship after the Civil War, the impact of migrations on black society and national politics, the consequences of the rise of a black industrial working class, campaigns for civil and human rights, and the emergence of the black power movement. Also listed as AAAS 369. (D-D) (AY)

*HIST 371 ZIONISM AND MODERN ISRAEL (4 credits)
Examines Jewish political theory and the original texts of Zionists and the role of war and diplomacy in creating mandatory Palestine and recognizing the new State of Israel. Offers a comprehensive study of Israeli domestic history along with the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JWST 371. (CP, D-I)

*HIST 372 ASIAN AMERICAN HISTORY (3 credits)
A survey of the history of Asians and Americans of Asian ancestry in the United States from the 18th century to the present, with emphasis on phases of immigrant history and interactions with recipient communities in the context of U.S. historical development, and on issues of race, ethnicity, gender, naturalization and citizenship, and racial, ethnic and cultural identity. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JPNS 372. (CP, D-D) (AY)

*HIST 373 AMERICA'S MIDDLE EAST (3 credits)
A survey of the history of American involvement in and attitudes toward the countries and peoples of the Middle East, with emphasis on diplomacy and policy making, scholarship and the construction of knowledge, and representations of the Middle East in American popular culture. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 374 AMERICA'S WARS IN ASIA (3 credits)
Examines American perceptions and diplomatic and military conduct in Asia in the 20th century, from the Philippine War to the War on Terror, focusing on the bilateral relations between Asian countries and the U.S.,and on American behavior in the context of U.S. domestic culture and politics. Examines the future of U.S. foreign policy towards Asia. Prerequisite: An Earlham Seminar, an Interpretive Practices course or consent of the instructor. Also listed as JPNS 374 and POLS 374. (CP, D-I) (AY)

*HIST 376 HISTORY OF WEST AFRICA (3 credits)
Surveys the history of the Sudanic and forest regions of West Africa from c. 1000 BCE to independence. Primary emphasis on discerning the internal dynamics as well as the external factors that shaped West Africa's development. Considers the cultural and social diversity of the region, the particular nature of the Sudanic and forest states, importance of long-distance trade and Islam, effects of the Atlantic slave trade, impact of colonialism on African life and struggle for independence. Also listed as AAAS 376. (D-I) (AY)

*HIST 377 EAST AFRICA (4 credits)
Surveys the history of East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) from the time of the great migration through independence. Among the issues addressed are the differences between coastal and inland developments, the rise of the Indian Ocean trading network, the emerging interior states, the appearance of coastal trading systems, the early European distribution of coastal societies, the development of plantation economics, the impact of colonialism, the variety in the decolonization movements and the coming of independence. Also listed as AAAS 377. (D-I) (AY)

*HIST 378 HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA (4 credits)
Surveys the history of southern African society from the earliest times to the post apartheid era. Topics include the nature of early indigenous African societies, the entrenchment of European domination, the subjugation of African chiefdoms, the role of international capital in transforming the economy, African resistance to segregation and apartheid, and the dismantling of the apartheid state. Also listed as AAAS 378. (D-I) (AY)

HIST 410 PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY (4 credits)
An examination of the nature and structure of historical writing, the nature of evidence and selected philosophies of history. Conducted by close readings of the works of historians from ancient Greece to the present. Also listed as
PHIL 410. (AY)

*HIST 472 MODERN CHINA (4 credits) Research Credit.
A survey of Chinese historical development from the first dynasties to the present day, with emphasis on the period from the mid-14th century through the liberalizing reforms of the post-Mao era. Investigates problems of historical continuity and change, Chinese perceptions of themselves and of the West, attempts at economic and political modernization, the Maoist revolution, and the interplay between institutions and ideas. Also listed as JPNS 472. (D-I) (AY)

*HIST 473 TRADITIONAL JAPAN (4 credits) Research Credit.
A survey of traditional life and culture in Japan in a historical and institutional framework, from earliest times to around the mid-19th century. Topics include the state, relationship between authority and power, social structures, economic life, philosophy, religion, the arts and literature. Also listed as JPNS 473. (D-I) (AY)

*HIST 474 MODERN JAPAN (4 credits) Research Credit.
A study of Japanese historical and institutional development in the early modern and modern periods, from the 15th century to the present. Topics include the Tokugawa period; Meiji Restoration and modernization; periods of colonialism, imperialism and militarism; postwar recovery and the economic miracle; and the challenges of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Explores economic, political, social, intellectual and international perspectives. Attention to prominent theories of development as applied to Japan. Also listed as JPNS 474. (D-I) (AY)

HIST 481 INTERNSHIPS, FIELD STUDIES AND OTHER FIELD EXPERIENCES
(1-3 credits)

HIST 482 AMERICAN HISTORIOGRAPHY (4 credits) Research Credit.
An introduction to the main currents of American historical thought and writing. An opportunity to examine critically the ways leading American historians have interpreted significant problems in national development through vigorous inquiry into principles of selection and causation, use of evidence and fundamental ideas. Prerequisite: HIST 121 or 122. (AY)

HIST 483 TEACHING ASSISTANTS (1-3 credits)

HIST 484 FORD/KNIGHT RESEARCH PROJECT (1-4 credits)
Collaborative research with faculty funded by the Ford/Knight Program.

HIST 485 INDEPENDENT STUDY (1-3 credits)
For advanced students. An investigation of a specific topic conceived and planned by the student in consultation with a faculty adviser.

HIST 488 SENIOR CAPSTONE EXPERIENCE: HISTORY COLLOQUIUM (2 credits)
Required of all History majors in the Spring Semester of their Senior year. Includes a common reading of a major text, student reports on selected new works, and revision and presentation of a major paper from a previous History course.

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