Pseudocopulation Pollination
The Mediterranean orchid Ophrys speculum attracts |
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The male wasp, Neozeleboria proxima, attempts to carry away the labellum of Chiloglottis trilabra, the pollinia gets attached to the thorax of the insect (6)
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Detail of left (7) |
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A male thynnine wasp attempts to carry
away the |
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Disa atricapilla (11) |
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Pollination of Calochilus campestris by Campsomeris tasmaniensis (12)
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(1) Milius, S. 2003. Better than real: male's prefer flower's scent to female wasp's. (http://www.phschool.com/science/science_news/articles/males_prefer_flowers.html). Accessed December 2003.
(2) Redecker, D. 17 March 2002. Ophrys speculum. (http://www.unibas.ch/bothebel/News/orchids/ophrys_speculum.htm). Accessed December 2003.
(3) Schiestl, F. 7 January 1999. Pollination by sexual deception. (http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/peakall_group/Florian/pseudocop.html). Accessed December 2003.
(4) Fezensac, V. 14 March 2000. Ophrys sphegodes. (http://orchidee32.free.fr/Photos/GroupeSphegodes/Sphego1d.jpg). Accessed December 2003.
(5) Schiestl, F. 7 January 1999. Evolution of pollination by sexual deception: on pseduocopulation and what it's all about . . . (http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/peakall_group/Florian/). Accessed December 2003.
(6) Schiestl, F. 7 January 1999. Chiloglottis trilabra. (http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/peakall_group/Florian/Australia/Ctrilabra.html). Accessed December 2003.
(7) Schiestl, F. 7 January 1999. (http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/peakall_group/Rod/Wasp.JPG). Accessed December 2003.
(8) Arthrochilus pollination. (http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/peakall_group/Florian/Australia/Arthrochilus.html). Accessed December 2003.
(9) Schiestl, F. 7 January 1999. Sexual deceptive orchids. (http://www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/peakall_group/Florian/orchids.html).
(10) Ripley, B. D. 2002. Western Australia. (http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/%7Eripley/Photos/WesternAustralia/img_1562.html). Accessed December 2003.
(11) Pfahl, J. 3 March 2003. Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia. (http://www.orchidspecies.com/orphotdir/disaatricap.jpg). Accessed December 2003.
(12) Branwhite, P. 1993. Campestris pseudocopulation. (http://www.anos.org.au/information/biology/calo-phot.htm). Accessed December 2003.
Created by Katy Nicholson, December 2003