ÿWPCÙ> èÙþRpu †]ô¹ÑÐ#ïk†]ô°¡­{¡&ô[¢ ‚i礢ÅðÖ>hy–¹Öø?NA½¬¡²a.%3¢ð=î{“Ä4N”î^‡»ø}€'ȧ¼oaTQ$n®~ŧÓ!bï?ré~[J#LóWBLÉ÷›ôiIå œT<­õäçê¿Þñ9ÿ Ï[2Ñð­ÐI& ¾«…N5ÐøØW}Á½c!ü8-ÞßÇÐvâÍÐ*c@)¤ªÅSb–Fêù‡49›æñ¹Gžf 5[ŽøP9åhPmx-¦£CíW‡èøîZŸgz¬›O)4 Y0þŒì¹(Fc¦“i/Û"•˜yb£œÂÔ©DGWíxBPÁ¿7è>"vëßZ&Æ~Øñ€=’ Ë{’'ññÍöz³Ñä³mO‡©O%:Jc©–âŠ0pÊ™R}¦ŸOÚ!ïžeW)Ý:é0kƒ¦Éx˜³þŸ¹KoIq⋼ ‡Àëñd5›£H|~­NØe¿Œ'îïe#òô鲇Âß:¦¼½ªàrš­¸øÓC>:ŒU)÷×)* ~ÿ1ö8YÕ 6°ÏŸ#‹²Vl?mì²ÆhÕhDˆ Û|lmáp=,_¬Uӭׯ)·‡W %ÜÄ};U :: %t 0âz 0R\£® 0OQe  0S¡áô 0ÆÕ t› 0, Œ; 0·Ç—~ 0ŸŒ´ 0³@ 0zó 0¦m 0·¢Ê 0OlE» 0ݽóš ©! À! Æ!Ì!n«Ü! 04‡" B»"Ø"Ø"w@Þ(1) 0PO)UVŸ)4õ)UV *_* ma*1x*©*UV¯0U:11?1p1UVv7U:Ì71878UV=>U:“> Í> Ó><þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiX†Z ÿÿ6Num-List 2numbered list, blank line between itemsàÐ.. àÛ  ÛÔ2Ô1.Ô3  Ô€ˆÔ úÿ Ôà0..àÌÌh͇6Letter-RecLetter of recommendationÑ = ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÑÔFebruary€12,€1998Ô!  ÔÌÌLetter€of€recommendation€for€ ™Ý ƒXQ'ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔòòSuberÔ  ÔÔ  Ôà€ààD(#àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.óó('2XQ$§§Ý ƒ!¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý^Ö&î8Memo-FormalFormal memo headerÑ = ÑÖ€ ÿÿÖÌà  àà ` à€€To:€€Ìà  àà ` àFrom:€€Peter€SuberÌà  àà ` àDate:€€Ô"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÑÔFebruary€12,€1998Ô!  ÔÌà  àà ` à€€Re:€€ ×Ý ƒÿÿ'ÝÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔòòÔ  ÔÔ  ÔSuber,€Ô"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÝ ÔFebruary€12,€1998Ô!  Ôà€ààD(#àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.óóvP­Ã:Memo-InformlJust my name and current dateÑ = ÑÖ€ ÿÿÖÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àPeter€SuberÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÑÔFebruary€12,€1998Ô!  ÔÌ jÝ ƒÿÿ'ÝÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔà€ààD(#àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.”˜ü=8Letter-HomeLetter with my home address as return addressÑ = ÑÖ€ ÿÿÖÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àPeter€SuberÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à235€South€Third€StreetÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àRichmond,€Indiana€€47374Ìà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à317€/€962„2533ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÑÔFebruary€12,€1998Ô!  ÔÌ ‚Ý ƒÿÿ'ÝÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ôà€ààD(#àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.ReÙØ,Essaygeneral for essaysÑ = ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àPeter€SuberÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDepartment€of€PhilosophyÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àEarlham€CollegeÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àRichmond,€Indiana€€47374ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àCopyright€(c)€1989Ì Ý ƒÿÿ'ÝÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔòòSuberÔ  ÔÔ  Ôà€ààD(#àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.óó” Ð#4Letter-ECLetter with my office address as return addressÑ = ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àPeter€SuberÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDepartment€of€PhilosophyÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àEarlham€CollegeÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àRichmond,€Indiana€€47374ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à317€/€983„1214ÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÑÔFebruary€12,€1998Ô!  ÔÌ ‚Ý ƒÿÿ'ÝÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔÔ  ÔÔ  Ôà€ààD(#àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.PMÿÿ0HeadingChapter HeadingÈà@ì.. àòòò òÛ  ÛÔ2ÔI.Ô3  Ô€Ô  ÔÔ  ÔˆÌÌóóó óR& ÿÿ8BibliogrphyBibliographyà0.. àà°..àÌÌLHÿÿ6SubheadingSubheadingò òÛ  ÛÔ2ÔA.Ô3  Ôà.. àÔ  ÔÔ  ÔÌÌó óx?§t2PleadingHeader for numbered pleading paperÓÈÓÑ °ÑÑè°ÑÖ€ÿÿÖ ˜Ý ƒXQ(ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€y¨XXXÔÓÈÓÒX°ÒÒ°°ÒÓÿÿÀ°œXÓß?€"'ü°ø*–dEü°ø*?ßß?€"'°ø*–dE°ø*?ßÌÌàHHÀà1ˆÌÌàHHÀà2ˆÌÌàHHÀà3ˆÌÌàHHÀà4ˆÌÌàHHÀà5ˆÌÌàHHÀà6ˆÌÌàHHÀà7ˆÌÌàHHÀà8ˆÌÌàHHÀà9ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà10ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà11ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà12ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà13ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà14ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà15ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà16ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà17ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà18ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà19ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà20ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà21ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà22ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà23ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà24ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà25ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà26ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà27ˆÌÌàÐÐÀà28Ô  à.À+Ô('2XQ$¨¨Ý ƒ!¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý‚Z ÿÿ6Num-List 1Numbered list, no blank between itemsàÐ.. àÛ  ÛÔ2ÔI.Ô3  Ô€ˆÔ úÿ Ôà0..àÌ éÝ ƒXQ'ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ݛԀ*X‡KXXXÔÒ8°ÒÒ8°ÒòòWeekly€explication€topics€&€reading€questionsÔ  Ôà€\!\!E #àPage€Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú.óóˆÐ ° ÐÌ ›see€\books\¢kantkdrv£€for€this€document€supplemented€with€pageÏnumbers€attached€to€each€entry,€and€other€notesÌ„„donððt€revise€this€doc€without€revising€that€one€accordingly,Ïand€vice€versaÌ„„this€one€is€for€handing€out€to€students;€the€other€is€for€meÏto€lead€discussionÈÈ#|xá«<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiXÂxþ6X@É“8åX@( ¤U$¡¡Ó  Ó d üÝ ƒ'^¼&ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ݛԇ(X‡KXXXÔà „ à€€€ððà0 Ü àOn€the€¢paralogisms£€(recommended€but€not€required)ÐÜ<Ü< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€are€the€relations€among€the€¢paralogisms£,€the€antinomies,€andÐ xè Ðthe€ideal€of€reason?€€How€are€they€related€to€the€types€of€syllogism?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€transcendental€ground€constrains€us€to€commit€theÐ H¸ Тparalogisms£?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€it€to€exist€as€subject€and€not€as€object?Ј4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€validity,€if€any,€does€Kant€allow€to€rational€psychology?€€Ðp4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àHow€can€the€ð ðI€thinkðð€be€the€proper€subject€of€rational€(as€opposed€toÐ èX Ðempirical)€psychology,€and€yet€be€an€empirical€proposition?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat,€in€a€nutshell,€is€Kantððs€reply€to€Descartesðð€cogito€(viewing€theÐ ¸ (  Ðcogito€as€an€argument€for€Descartesðð€existence)?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€Kantððs€solution€to€the€mind/body€problem?€Ðˆ ø 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€are€there€four€¢paralogisms£?Ðp à 4<4< ÐÔ#†XÙðXX(X‡K(#Ô ØEÙ-Ú£ÛEÜ-Ý(-ÞÊßàáÊ$Ï PSPeter SuberX((3^¼$¦¦Ý ƒ!¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý~û)î Z‹>Goudy Old Style ATT Regular;¬6%È‚ Á‚~û)î Z‹>Goudy Old Style ATT Regular ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ.Ï PSPeter SuberX üÝ ƒ'^¼&ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ݛԇ/X‡KXXXÔà „ à€€€ððà0 Ü àOn€the€¢paralogisms£€(recommended€but€not€required)ÐÜ<Ü< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€are€the€relations€among€the€¢paralogisms£,€the€antinomies,€andÐ xè Ðthe€ideal€of€reason?€€How€are€they€related€to€the€types€of€syllogism?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€transcendental€ground€constrains€us€to€commit€theÐ H¸ Тparalogisms£?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€it€to€exist€as€subject€and€not€as€object?Ј4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€validity,€if€any,€does€Kant€allow€to€rational€psychology?€€Ðp4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àHow€can€the€ð ðI€thinkðð€be€the€proper€subject€of€rational€(as€opposed€toÐ èX Ðempirical)€psychology,€and€yet€be€an€empirical€proposition?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat,€in€a€nutshell,€is€Kantððs€reply€to€Descartesðð€cogito€(viewing€theÐ ¸ (  Ðcogito€as€an€argument€for€Descartesðð€existence)?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€Kantððs€solution€to€the€mind/body€problem?€Ðˆ ø 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€are€there€four€¢paralogisms£?Ðp à 4<4< ÐÔ#†0XÙðXX(X‡K(#Ô~û)î Z‹>Goudy Old Style ATT Regular<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpi2Ï PSPeter SuberX üÝ ƒ'^¼&ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ݛԇ3X‡KXXXÔà „ à€€€ððà0 Ü àOn€the€¢paralogisms£€(recommended€but€not€required)ÐÜ<Ü< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€are€the€relations€among€the€¢paralogisms£,€the€antinomies,€andÐ xè Ðthe€ideal€of€reason?€€How€are€they€related€to€the€types€of€syllogism?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€transcendental€ground€constrains€us€to€commit€theÐ H¸ Тparalogisms£?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€it€to€exist€as€subject€and€not€as€object?Ј4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€validity,€if€any,€does€Kant€allow€to€rational€psychology?€€Ðp4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àHow€can€the€ð ðI€thinkðð€be€the€proper€subject€of€rational€(as€opposed€toÐ èX Ðempirical)€psychology,€and€yet€be€an€empirical€proposition?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat,€in€a€nutshell,€is€Kantððs€reply€to€Descartesðð€cogito€(viewing€theÐ ¸ (  Ðcogito€as€an€argument€for€Descartesðð€existence)?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€Kantððs€solution€to€the€mind/body€problem?€Ðˆ ø 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€are€there€four€¢paralogisms£?Ðp à 4<4< ÐÔ#†4XÙðXX(X‡K(#Ô~û)î Z‹>Goudy Old Style ATT Regular<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpi6Ï PSPeter SuberX üÝ ƒ'^¼&ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ݛԇ7X‡KXXXÔà „ à€€€ððà0 Ü àOn€the€¢paralogisms£€(recommended€but€not€required)ÐÜ<Ü< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€are€the€relations€among€the€¢paralogisms£,€the€antinomies,€andÐ xè Ðthe€ideal€of€reason?€€How€are€they€related€to€the€types€of€syllogism?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€transcendental€ground€constrains€us€to€commit€theÐ H¸ Тparalogisms£?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€it€to€exist€as€subject€and€not€as€object?Ј4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€validity,€if€any,€does€Kant€allow€to€rational€psychology?€€Ðp4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àHow€can€the€ð ðI€thinkðð€be€the€proper€subject€of€rational€(as€opposed€toÐ èX Ðempirical)€psychology,€and€yet€be€an€empirical€proposition?Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat,€in€a€nutshell,€is€Kantððs€reply€to€Descartesðð€cogito€(viewing€theÐ ¸ (  Ðcogito€as€an€argument€for€Descartesðð€existence)?€€Ð 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhat€is€Kantððs€solution€to€the€mind/body€problem?€Ðˆ ø 4<4< Ðà „ àà Ü à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€are€there€four€¢paralogisms£?Ðp à 4<4< ÐÔ#†8XÙðXX(X‡K(#Ô~û)î Z‹>Goudy Old Style ATT Regular<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiÈHÝ ƒ!¤U!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý›Ò8°ÒÒ8°ÒÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÖ€ÿÿÖÑ = ÑÔ .ÔÓ 8°§Â°œXÓ¢Ô€ø8hÌÔ£Ô€(X‡KXXXÔÌà ° àà r àà 4 àà ö àà ¸ àà z àà < àà þ àà À àà ‚ àà D àà  àPeter€SuberÌà ° àà r àà 4 àà ö àà ¸ àà z àà < àà þ àà À àà ‚ àà D àà  àÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒÝ ÔJanuary€5,€1999Ô!  ÔÌÌÌò òà@ ìàWeekly€Explication€Topics€and€Reading€Questionsó óˆÐ 8 T  ÐÌÌà ° àà r àThe€questions€arise€from€the€reading€for€the€day€under€which€they€are€listed.€€TheÏexplication€topics€arise€either€that€day€or€the€day€preceding.ñÞññÕñÔ% € ÔñÕññÞñÌÌÔ& l Ôò òDay€1.ó ó€€Syllabus;€generic€hand-out;€from€the€òòCritiqueóó:€Table€of€Contents;€Prefaces€to€first€andÐ ¬È Ðsecond€editions,€¢A.vii£-xxii,€¢B.vii£-¢xliv£;€¢NKS£€ix-xiii,€7-37Ìñ×ñÌñ×ñThesis€for€explicationñØñ:ñØñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€òòa€priorióó€synthetic€judgments€are€necessary€for€the€possibility€of€experience;ÐPlr #r # ÐÌñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€revolutionary€about€Kantððs€ððrevolutionaryðð€idea?Ð$r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€notion€of€metaphysics?€€Ðð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€positive€and€the€negative€value€of€critique?ÐØôr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€will€a€critique€of€reason€decide€the€question€of€the€possibility€of€metaphysics?€€ÐÀÜr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€are€Galileoððs€and€¢Torricelli£ððs€experiments€(¢B.xiif£)€examples€of€reason€knowing€onlyÐ ¨Ä Ðthat€which€it€produces€after€a€plan€of€its€own?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€speculative€and€practical€reason?€€How€do€they€differ?Ðx”r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€would€trespassing€beyond€the€limits€of€experience€destroy€practical€reason?€Ð`|r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€differences€do€you€notice€between€the€prefaces€to€the€first€and€second€editions?ÐHdr #r # ÐÔ'l¬ƒÔÌò òDay€2.ó ó€€Introduction,€B.1-30;€¢NKS£€41-62Ð 4 ÐÌñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€we€know€that€experience€and€science€are€ð ðactualðð€such€that€we€can€or€must€seekÐ Ô ð!" Ðthe€conditions€of€their€ð ðpossibilityðð?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€a€concept€ð ðcontain€a€manifoldðð€such€that€analysis€can€disclose€it?€€Ð¤"À#$r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€ñßñð ðñßñ7€+€5€=€œ12ñàñððñàññáñÔ% €: Ôñáñ›€synthetic?ÐŒ#¨$%r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€causal€judgments€synthetic?€€Why€are€they€òòa€priorióó?€Ðt$%&r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àWould€Hume€agree€that€they€are€synthetic?€€that€they€are€òòa€priorióó?Ð\%x&'4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIs€the€òòCritiqueóó€a€ð ðcanonðð€or€an€ð ðorganonðð?ÐD&`'(r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€synthetic€òòa€priorióó€judgements?€€Why€are€they€possible?€€Why€are€theyÐ ,'H() Ðimportant?Ð r #r # ÐÌñÛññÚñÓ  ÓñÚññÛñÌò òDay€3.ó ó€€Transcendental€Aesthetic,€Sections€1-5,€B.33-49;€¢NKS£€65-76Ð Ì*è+- ЀÌñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€time€and€space€have€empirical€reality€and€transcendental€ideality;Ð#ˆ-¤.0r #r #= #Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€unknowability€of€things€in€themselves€is€necessary€for€the€possibility€ofÐ 0 Ðsynthetic€òòa€priorióó€judgments;Ð èr #r # ÐÌñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€a€transcendental€aesthetic?€€(How€is€it€transcendental?€€How€is€it€an€aesthetic?)ÐÐ  r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€intuition?и ˆr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€sensation€and€intuition?Р pr #r # МñáññÞñÔ% €9 ÔñÞññáñ›à ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€the€matter€and€form€of€sensation?ЈXr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€pure€and€empirical€intuition?Ðp@r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€inner€and€outer€sense?ÐX( r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àExactly€what€in€intuition€is€òòa€priorióó€and€what€is€òòa€posteriorióó?Ð@ r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€empirical€reality€and€transcendental€ideality€(for€timeÐ (ø  Ðand€space)?€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIs€Kant€saying€that€the€entire€world€of€space€and€all€objects€in€space,€and€the€entire€worldÐ øÈ  Ðof€time€and€all€objects€in€time,€are€ð ðjust€in€my€headðð?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€intuitions€and€concepts?€€ÐȘ r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIs€it€true€that€in€experience€no€question€is€ever€asked€about€the€thing€in€itself?€€(See€B.45.)а€r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€Kant€sure€that€the€forms€of€time€and€space€do€not€apply€to€things€in€themselves?Иhr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€must€time€and€space€be€forms€of€intuition€rather€than€concepts?ЀPr #r # ÐÌò òDay€4.ó ó€€Transcendental€Aesthetic,€Sections€6-8,€B.49-73;€¢NKS£€76-92Ð P  ÐÌñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€more€objects€in€time€than€in€space?€€Ð Ür #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€inner€and€outer€sense?ÐôÄr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€sensible€and€intellectual€intuition?€€Ðܬr #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€is€human€intuition€sensible€rather€than€intellectual?ÐÄ”4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€Godððs€knowledge€intuitive€rather€than€conceptual?€Ð¬ |r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€appearance€and€illusion?€Ð”!dr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€concept€of€a€number?Ð|"Lr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€can€physics€make€use€of€Kantððs€theory€of€time€and€space?Ðd#4r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€there€no€privileged€access€to€the€self?€€ÐL$r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€Transcendental€Aesthetic€express€or€fulfill€Kantððs€revolutionary€hypothesis?Ð4% r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€the€Transcendental€Aesthetic€an€organon?€Ð&ì!r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWas€the€conflict€of€reason€with€itself,€or€any€other€source€of€error,€found€in€theÐ 'Ô" ÐAesthetic?Ð r #r # ÐÌò òDay€5.ó ó€€Transcendental€Logic,€B.74-101;€¢NKS£€92-110Ð ¼)Œ!% ÐÌñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñÌà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€transcendental€logic€is€not€formal,€but€has€content;€Ðx,H$(r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€judgment€is€the€mediate€knowledge€of€objects;€Ð`-0%)r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€concepts€rest€on€functions€of€unity;€Ð0r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€pure€concepts€(can)€apply€òòa€priorióó€to€objects;Ð èr #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€thoughts€without€content€empty,€and€intuitions€without€concepts€blind?€€WhatÐ Ð   Ðare€ððemptinessðð€and€ððblindnessðð€here?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€distinction€between€intuitions€and€concepts€explain€the€transition€from€theÐ   p ÐAesthetic€to€the€Logic?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIs€Transcendental€Logic€a€faculty?€a€science?Ðp@r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€pure€and€empirical€concepts?ÐX( r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€there€no€sufficient€and€general€criterion€of€truth?Ð@ r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àGiven€this,€what€is€the€status€of€Kantððs€concern€for€truth?€€What€is€his€notion€ofÐ (ø  Ðtruth?€€In€what€sense€does€he€claim€truth€for€his€results€and€in€what€sense€not?Ð 4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€analytic€and€dialectical€logic?ÐøÈ r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€result€of€using€general€logic€(which€is€a€canon)€as€an€organon?€€Ðà° r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€ð ðclueðð€to€the€discovery€of€all€pure€concepts?€ÐȘ r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€Kant€call€the€understanding€an€ð ðabsolute€unityðð€(B.92)?а€r #r # Ѐà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€concepts€predicates?€€Ð˜hr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€table€of€judgments?€€How€does€Kant€arrive€at€it?€€Why€is€he€sure€it€is€accurateÐ €P Ðand€complete?Ð r #r # ÐÌò òDay€6.ó ó€€Analytic€of€Concepts,€B.102-29;€¢NKS£€111-28Ð 8 ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€relation€between€the€table€of€judgments€and€the€table€of€categories?€€WhyÐ ôÄ Ðdoes€he€need€both?€€How€did€he€get€from€the€former€to€the€latter?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€the€table€of€categories€known€to€be€complete?ÐÄ”r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€third€category€in€each€triad€arise€from€the€combination€of€the€first€two?Ь |r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€categories?Д!dr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€synthesis?Ð|"Lr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àAre€the€structures€of€cognition€shared€by€all€rational€beings?€€Are€they€subject€toÐ d#4 Ðhistorical€change€or€evolution?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€method€has€Kant€used€to€learn€the€structures€of€cognition?€€How€have€theseÐ 4%  Ðstructures€come€to€know€themselves?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€a€transcendental€deduction?€€What€is€its€task?€€Why€is€it€necessary€to€KantððsÐ 'Ô" Ðproject?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€we€know€that€the€categories€apply€òòa€priorióó€to€objects?€€ÐÔ(¤ $r #r # ÐÌò òDay€7.ó ó€€Transcendental€Deduction€in€the€A€edition,€A.95-130;€¢NKS£€129-50Ð ¤*t"& ÐÌâ âœñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñ›Ð x,H$( Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€a€unity€of€consciousness€is€required€to€ground€the€knowledge€(or€experience)€ofÐ 0 Ðâ âobjects;Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€unity€of€rules€(concepts,€categories)€grounds€the€empirical€unity€of€apperception;Ð Ðr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€transcendental€unity€of€apperception€is€the€ground€of€all€concepts;Ðè ¸r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€empirical€consciousness€(and€its€unity)€presuppose€a€transcendental€consciousnessÐ Ð   Ð(and€its€unity).Ð r #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€central€task€or€question€of€the€transcendental€deduction?€€(Part€of€the€answerÐ p@ Ðappeared€in€last€weekððs€reading,€and€part€appears€in€this€weekððs.)Ð r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€is€this€task€important€to€his€program€in€the€òòCritiqueóó€as€you€understand€it€soÐ @  Ðfar?Ð 4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€A€version€of€the€deduction€meet€the€task€of€a€deduction?€€Drop€outÐ à  Ðinessential€detail€and€try€to€state€the€question€Kant€is€trying€to€address€and€the€answerÏprovided€by€the€deduction.Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIs€the€transcendental€unity€of€apperception€the€producer€or€the€product€of€the€categories?€Ð Ș  Ðboth?€€neither?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€the€understanding€a€derivative€faculty?Иhr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€understanding€determine€sensibility?ЀPr #r # ÐÌò òDay€8.ó ó€€Transcendental€Deduction€in€the€B€edition,€B.129-69;€¢NKS£€151-75Ð P  ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€first€and€second€editions€of€the€deduction€differ?Ð Ür #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€empirical€and€transcendental€apperception?ÐôÄr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€empirical€consciousness€presuppose€pure€consciousness?€€Ðܬr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€deduction€set€limits€to€the€valid€employment€of€the€categories?ÐÄ”r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€can€Kant€know€that€no€categories€apply€to€noumena?€€Or,€how€can€he€know€thatÐ ¬ | Ðtheir€valid€employment€is€limited€to€objects€of€experience?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€the€differences€among€the€original€unity€of€apperception€and€the€other€(derived)Ð |"L Ðunities€of€apperception?€€How€are€they€related€to€each€other?Ð r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àe.g.€synthetic€unity,€analytic€unity,€objective€unity,€transcendental€unity,€subjectiveÐ L$ Ðunity,€empirical€unityÐ 4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€should€we€distinguish€judgments€about€objects€valid€only€under€my€subjectiveÐ &ì! Ð(¢Humean£)€associations€and€habits€from€judgments€valid€for€all,€publicly,€objectively?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€Kant€preserve€the€public,€¢sharable£€character€of€knowledge?€€How€does€he€avoidÐ ì'¼# Ðthe€conclusion€that€consciousness€generates€all€there€is?€€How€does€he€avoid€solipsism?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€are€we€the€law-givers€to€nature?м)Œ!%r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€should€we€distinguish€the€unity€of€consciousness€that€is€the€same€in€each€of€us€fromÐ ¤*t"& Ðthe€self€that€is€different€in€each€of€us?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€should€we€distinguish€the€I€that€thinks€from€the€I€that€intuits€itself?€€Ðt,D$(r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€kinds€of€self€are€there?€€What€òòisóó€a€human€being?Ð\-,%)r #r # ЇIf€youððre€feeling€especially€courageous€and€adventuresome,€here€are€some€more€specific€questions:Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€analysis€presuppose€synthesis€more€than,€or€rather€than,€vice€versa?Ð èr #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àDoes€this€help€us€figure€out€how€the€analytic€unity€of€apperception€presupposes€theÐ  Ð Ðsynthetic€unity€of€apperception?€€(B.133€and€B.133.¢n.)£Ð 4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€the€necessary€unity€of€apperception€an€analytic€proposition€that€neverthelessÐ Ð   Ðreveals€the€necessity€of€synthesis?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€the€understanding€ð ðthe€faculty€of€apperception€itselfðð€(B.134.n),€ð ðnothing€but€theÐ   p Ðfaculty€of€combining€òòa€priorióóðð€(B.135)€ð ðand€of€bringing€the€manifold€of€givenÐ ˆX Ðrepresentations€under€the€unity€of€apperceptionðð€(B.135)?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€an€object€ð ðthat€in€the€concept€of€which€the€manifold€of€a€given€intuition€isÐ X(  Ðunifiedðð€(B.137),€or€ð ða€determinate€spaceðð€(B.138)?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€copula€express€the€relation€of€subject€and€predicate€ð ðto€originalÐ (ø  Ðapperceptionðð€(B.142)?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€role€of€imagination€in€the€argument€of€the€ð ðAðð€deduction?€€Why€is€it€missingÐ øÈ  Ðfrom€the€ð ðBðð€edition?Ð r #r # ÐÌò òDay€9.ó ó€€Analytic€of€Principles,€¢Schematism£,€B.169-87;€¢NKS£€176-87Ð °€ ÐÌœñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€a€schema€is€in€one€respect€intellectual€and€in€another€sensible;€Ðl<r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€a€schema€is€necessary€for€a€concept€to€stand€in€relation€to€an€object;€ÐT$r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€possibility€of€experience€gives€objective€reality€to€all€our€òòa€priorióó€modes€ofÐ <  Ðknowledge;€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€all€intuitions€are€extensive€magnitudes;€Ð Ür #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€there€is€an€òòa€priorióó€anticipation€of€something€empirical€and€sensory;€ÐôÄr #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€concepts€and€principles?Ь |r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€central€task€or€question€of€the€¢schematism£?€€How€is€it€similar€to,€andÐ ”!d Ðdifferent€from,€the€central€task€or€question€of€the€deduction?€€Why€are€both€chaptersÏnecessary?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€subsumption?€€Why€is€it€a€problem?ÐL$r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€time€fitted€to€render€concepts€and€intuitions€ð ðhomogenousðð?€€Ð4% r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€are€schemata,€images,€and€concepts€to€be€distinguished?Ð&ì!r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€do€schemata,€rather€than€images,€underlie€pure€sensible€concepts?Ð'Ô"r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€schemata€match€or€correspond€to€the€categories?Ðì'¼#r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€schemata€simultaneously€ððrealizeðð€and€ððrestrictðð€the€application€of€theÐ Ô(¤ $ Ðcategories?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àAre€there€schemata€for€empirical€concepts,€or€only€for€pure€concepts€(categories)?Ф*t"&r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àNow€that€you€know€what€schemata€are,€how€òòdoóó€we€perform€subsumption?ÐŒ+\#'r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€principles€match€or€correspond€to€the€categories?Ðt,D$(r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€principles€provide€rules€for€the€objective€employment€of€the€categories?€€Ð\-,%)r #r # Їò òDay€10.ó ó€€Analytic€of€Principles,€Axioms€and€Anticipations,€B.187-218;€¢NKS£€188-208Ð 0 ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€axioms€of€intuition?€€Ðì ¼r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àHow€or€why€do€they€align€with€the€categories€of€quantity?ÐÔ ¤4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€are€anticipations€of€perception?м Œr #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àHow€or€why€do€they€align€with€the€categories€of€quality?Ф t4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€the€axioms€called€ð ðaxiomsðð?ÐŒ\r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€highest€principle€of€all€analytic€judgments?€ÐtDr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€highest€principle€of€all€synthetic€judgments?Ð\, r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€theory€of€ð ðself-evidentðð€truths?€€ÐD r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€pure€mathematics€apply€to€objects?€€Ð,ü r #r # ÐÌÔ& ì Ôò òDay€11.ó ó€€Analytic€of€Principles,€Analogies,Ô'ìü{TÔ€B.218-265;€¢NKS£€208-38Ð üÌ  ÐÌœñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñ›Ì€à ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€changing€appearances,€and€time€itself,€presuppose€an€unchanging€substance;иˆr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€our€subjective€synthesis€can€be€made€objective€only€by€a€rule€of€causation;€Ð pr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€analogies€(taken€together)€indicate€that€all€appearances€lie€in€only€one€nature;€€ÐˆXr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€not€all€òòa€priorióó€certainties€are€demonstrable;Ðp@r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€material€idealism€is€false;€ÐX(r #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àDo€the€analogies€seem€constitutive€to€you?Ðàr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€the€analogies€called€ð ðanalogiesðð?ÐøÈr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€difference€between€things€in€themselves€and€substance?Ðà°r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€prevents€us€from€ordering€things€temporally€in€different€ways?ÐȘr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€status€does€the€principle€of€sufficient€reason€have€for€Kant?€€For€example,€is€itÐ ° € Ðempirically€real€and€transcendentally€ideal?€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àAre€noumena€subject€to€no€causality€at€all,€or€to€a€non-standard€type€of€causality?Ѐ"Pr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€did€Kant€not€even€try€to€prove€the€analogies?Ðh#8r #r # ÐÌò òDay€12.ó ó€€Analytic€of€Principles,€Postulates,€B.265-294;€¢NKS£€239-56Ð 8%  ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€nature€and€basis€of€Kantððs€denial€of€ESP€and€other€parapsychologicalÐ ô'Ä# Ðphenomena?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€outer€experience€provide€the€basis€of€inner€experience€rather€than€òòvice€versaóó?€Ð Ä)”!% ÐB.276„77,€278„79Ð r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àIs€Kantððs€claim€that€inner€experience€requires€outer€experience€consistent€with€hisÐ ”+d#' Ðposition€that€outer€sense€is€conditioned€by€inner€sense?€€Ð 4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€kind(s)€of€idealism€has€Kant€refuted?€€What€kind(s)€does€he€endorse?Ðd-4%)r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€does€the€refutation€of€idealism€occur€in€the€middle€of€the€postulates?Ð04 #4 # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€was€it€added€in€the€B€edition?Ð è4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àKant€says€(B.282)€that€the€reader€should€be€able€to€align€the€òòa€priorióó€laws€of€nature€withÐ  Ð Ðthe€categories.€€Can€you?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€donððt€the€modal€categories€extend€our€knowledge?€€How€does€this€principleÐ Ð   Ðundermine€the€ontological€argument€for€Godððs€existence?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€it€that€consciousness€of€my€existence€is€the€immediate€consciousness€of€theÐ   p Ðexistence€of€other€objects€outside€me?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€Kant€deny€Berkeleyððs€principle€that€òòesse€est€¢percipi£óó€(to€be€is€to€be€perceived)?€€Ðp@r #r # ÐÌò òDay€13.ó ó€€Phenomena€and€Noumena,€B.294-315,€B.346-49;€¢NKS£€257-75,€294-96Ð @  ÐÌœñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€categories€do€not€apply€to€noumena;ÐüÌ r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€concept€of€a€noumenon€is€a€merely€limiting€concept€whose€function€is€to€curbÐ ä´  Ðthe€pretensions€of€sensibility;€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€unity€of€reason€is€not€the€unity€of€a€possible€experience;€Ð´„r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€the€soul,€world,€and€God€are€the€only€three€(types€of)€transcendental€ideas;€€Ðœlr #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àDoes€Kantððs€position€on€the€unknowability€of€noumena€allow€him€to€òòknow€thatóó€there€areÐ T$ Ðnoumena?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€difference€between€the€positive€and€negative€sense€of€noumena?€€Which€doesÐ $ô ÐKant€use€(most)?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€Kant€posit€things€in€themselves,€òòexactlyóó?ÐôÄr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€price€would€he€pay€for€omitting€or€denying€them?Ðܬr #r # ÐÌò òDay€14.ó ó€€Transcendental€Dialectic,€through€Transcendental€Ideas,€B.349-96;€¢NKS£€297-326Ð ¬ | ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€distinction€between€the€immanent€and€the€transcendental?€€between€theÐ h#8 Ðtranscendental€and€the€transcendent?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€transcendental€illusion?€€What€is€the€critique€of€transcendental€illusion?Ð8% r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€transcendental€illusion€different€from€empirical€illusion?€€logical€illusion?€€otherÐ  &ð! Ðforms€of€error?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhen€Kant€says€that€transcendental€illusion€is€natural€and€inevitable€for€reason,€whatÐ ð'À# Ðkinds€of€remedy€for€this€illusion€has€he€ruled€out€and€what€kinds€has€he€left€himself?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€it€important€for€Kant€to€distinguish€reason€and€understanding?€€What€is€theÐ À)!% Ðdistinction?€€(Is€it€finicky€or€fundamental?)Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€do€ethical€questions€begin€to€emerge€as€we€move€from€understanding€to€reason?Ð+`#'r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€does€Kant€mean€by€condition,€conditioned,€unconditioned,€and€series€ofÐ x,H$( Ðconditions?Ð`-0%)r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIs€it€epistemically€commendable€or€regrettable€that€reason€should€seek,€for€its€conditionedÐ 0 Ðknowledge,€the€unconditioned€whereby€its€unity€is€brought€to€completion?€€(See€B.364.)Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€critique€of€Platoððs€theory€of€ideas?€Ð Ðr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€transcendental€ideas€match€or€correspond€to€the€categories?Ðè ¸r #r # ÐÌò òDay€15.ó ó€€Transcendental€Dialectic,€Antinomies,€B.396„398,€B.432-512;€¢NKS£€327„28,€¢NKS£Ð ¸ ˆ Ð384-435ÌÌà0 ° àœñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñ›Ð ° #° # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€there€is€an€entirely€natural€antithetic€of€reason;Ð\, r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€are€¢are£€only€four€antinomies;€ÐD r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€human€reason€is€by€nature€architectonic.€€Ð,ü r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€freedom€and€natural€necessity€(through€causation)€can€exist€without€conflict€in€oneÐ ä  Ðand€the€same€action;€Ð r #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ì¢ñÙññÜññÝñÔ€&;ÈLœ 8h„ ÔñÝññÝñÔ€5;ÈLœ 8h„ ÔñÝññÜññÜñÔ€1;ÈLœ 8h„ ÔñÜññÙññÙñÔ€-;ÈLœ 8h„ ÔñÙñ£Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€an€antinomy?€€How€does€it€differ€from€an€ordinary€contradiction?Мðr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€would€it€mean€to€ððsolveðð€an€antinomy?€€Ð„Ør #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àCan€you€anticipate€what€Kant€will€say€in€Sections€6€and€7€(B.¢518ff£)?ÐlÀ4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€price€would€we€pay€to€leave€the€antinomies€unsolved?ÐT¨r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€we€know€òòa€priorióó€that€solutions€exist?Ð< r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIn€what€sense€are€antinomies€inevitable?€€Ð$x!r #r # Ѐ€€€€ððà0 r àWhat€does€the€inevitability€of€the€antinomies€reveal€about€reason?Ð `"r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€do€the€four€theses€have€in€common?€the€four€antitheses?ÐôH#r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€role€does€the€unconditioned€play€in€generating€the€antinomies?ÐÜ0$r #r # ÐÌò òDay€16.ó ó€€Transcendental€Dialectic,€Antinomies,€B.513-85;€¢NKS£€436-84Ð ¬ & ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€do€the€solutions€to€the€mathematical€antinomies€differ€from€the€solutions€to€theÐ h#¼(! Ðdynamical€antinomies?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€role€of€skepticism€in€non-skeptical€philosophy?€€Ð8%Œ*#r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€answer€to€Berkeley€on€the€question€whether€things€exist€when€they€areÐ  &t+$ Ðnot€being€perceived?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€Kant€allow€us€to€conceive€the€passage€of€time€(and€the€reality€of€past€objects)Ð ð'D-& Ðprior€to€our€own€existence?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€importance€of€Kantððs€repeated€claim€that€conditioned€objects€ð ðset€us€a€taskðð?ÐÀ)/(r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€Kant€resolve€the€conflict€of€reason€with€itself?€€Does€he€use€reason?€€Ð¨*ü/)r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€can€reason€ððsolveðð€its€own€antinomies?€€Why€donððt€they€disable€reason€from€thisÐ +ä0* Ðkind€of€self-cure€and€ensure€their€own€permanence?Ð r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àWhy€isnððt€any€òòrationalóó€solution€òòa€priorióó€suspect?Ð`-´2,4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€would€the€arguments€on€both€sides€of€each€antinomy€be€well„grounded€ifÐ 0 Ðappearances€were€things€in€themselves?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€the€world€neither€finite€nor€infinite?€€Ð Ðr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€theory€of€freedom?€€How€is€freedom€compatible€with€natural€causality?€Ðè ¸r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€transcendental€idealism€(which€Kant€affirms€at€B.¢518ff£)€differ€from€materialÐ Ð   Ðidealism€(which€he€refuted€at€B.¢274ff£)?Ð r #r # ÐÌÔ& ì Ôò òDay€17.ó ó€€Transcendental€Dialectic,€Ideal€of€Reason,€Appendix,€B.595-611,€Ô'ìˆÔ[B.611-70],€B.670-732;Ð ˆX ТNKS£€485-95,€[495-531],€532-70ÌÌœñÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one):ñÜññÜñTheses€to€explicate€(pick€one)ñÜñ›€Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€transcendental€ideas€never€allow€of€any€constitutive€employment;€Ð,ü r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€reason€is€needed€for€the€proper€employment€of€the€understanding;€€Ðä r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€logical€law€presupposes€transcendental€law;€ÐüÌ r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€pure€reason€contains€nothing€but€regulative€principles;€Ðä´ r #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€seriously€(or€in€what€sense)€does€Kant€intend€the€argument€for€the€existence€of€GodÐ œl Ðat€B.599-608?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àIs€this€one€of€the€dialectical€inferences€leading€to€illusion?€€Ðl<4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€Kantððs€theory€of€God€similar€to,€and€different€from,€his€theory€of€noumena?ÐT$r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€is€the€unity€of€understanding€a€criterion€of€the€truth€of€its€rules?€€Ð< r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€the€regulative€employment€of€reason€necessary€for€reason,€for€understanding,€forÐ $ô Ðempirical€knowledge,€and€for€experience?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€are€regulative€principles€permissible€when€constitutive€principles€are€not?ÐôÄr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€a€heuristic€as€opposed€to€a€regulative€or€constitutive€idea?€€Ðܬr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWatch€for€Kantððs€repeated€use€of€the€ð ðas€ifðð€construction.€€What€is€his€epistemologicalÐ Ä” Ðpoint€in€saying€that€sometimes€we€should€or€may€see€òòxóó€òòas€ifóó€it€were€òòyóó€when€it€is€not?Ь |r #r # ÐÌò òDay€18.ó ó€€Doctrine€of€Method,€Discipline,€B.735-825;€¢NKS£€573-630Ð |"L ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIf€todayððs€reading€marks€the€transition€from€the€Doctrine€of€Elements€to€the€Doctrine€ofÐ 8%  ÐMethod,€then€how€does€it€help€us€understand€what€Kant€means€by€ð ðmethodðð?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€Kant€certify€that€his€methods€are€reliable€ones?Ð'Ø"r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€the€Discipline€so€much€devoted€to€the€differences€between€philosophy€andÐ ð'À# Ðmathematics?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€must€philosophy€and€mathematics€use€different€methods?€€How€must€they€differ?ÐÀ)!%r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhen€Kant€says€ð ð[¢t]here£€is€thus€no€real€antithetic€of€pure€reasonðð€(B.771)€is€he€retractingÐ ¨*x"& Ðor€only€qualifying€an€earlier€set€of€claims?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€faith?€€Why€is€it€legitimate€when€knowledge€is€not€available?€€Is€it€everÐ x,H$( Ðillegitimate?€Ð`-0%)r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àIn€exactly€what€sense€does€Kant€accept€the€ideas€of€God€and€immortality?€€In€what€senseÐ 0 Ðdoes€he€not€accept€them?€€What€grounds€and€interests€justify€or€impel€him?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àEvaluate€Heinrich€Heineððs€claim€that€Kant€brought€God€back€in€the€Dialectic€in€a€wayÐ  Ð Ðinconsistent€with€the€Analytic.Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€seriously€(or€in€what€sense)€does€Kant€intend€his€claim€that€without€the€critique€ofÐ Ð   Ðreason,€reason€could€settle€its€claims€only€through€war?€€What€other€passages€suggest€aÏ¢socio£-political€dimension€to€Kantððs€theory€of€reason?€€Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€practical€reason€have€the€right€to€postulate€what€speculative€reason€cannotÐ ˆX Ðprove?€€Ð r #r # ÐÌò òDay€19.ó ó€€Doctrine€of€Method,€Canon,€B.825-84;€¢NKS£€630-69Ð @  ÐÌNo€explication€due€this€week.€€But,€in€case€you€canððt€break€the€habit,€try€this€one€for€your€ownÏbenefit€(not€to€hand€in):Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àThat€practical€reason€has€the€right€to€postulate€what€speculative€reason€has€no€right€toÐ ä´  Ðassume€without€sufficient€proof.Ð r #r # ÐÌœñÝñQuestions€to€think€about:ñÝññÝñQuestions€to€think€aboutñÝñ›Ìà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€is€ethics€not€part€of€transcendental€philosophy?ЄTr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€does€the€practical€or€moral€employment€of€the€principles€of€pure€reason€give€themÐ l< Ðobjective€reality?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€kinds€of€freedom€are€we€known€to€have€and€what€kinds€are€we€not€known€to€have?Ð< r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€can€the€same€action€be€regarded€as€both€free€and€determined?Ð$ôr #r # Ðà ° àà r à€€€ððà0 4 àAre€òòallóó€of€our€actions€both€free€and€determined€in€this€way?€€Or€are€some€of€ourÐ  Ü Ðactions€unfree€and€ð ðsimply€determinedðð?Ð 4 #4 # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€Kantððs€moral€argument€for€God€and€immortality?Ðܬr #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àDoes€Kant€think€an€atheist€can€be€moral?€€(Does€Kantððs€moral€argument€for€God€makeÐ Ä” Ðfaith€rationally€permissible,€or€rationally€obligatory?)Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àHow€has€Kant€united€nature€and€freedom,€or€natural€science€and€ethics,€or€speculativeÐ ”!d Ðand€practical€reason?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€is€the€relationship€that€Kant€envisions€between€his€¢propaedeutic£€and€his€system?€€Ðd#4r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhat€kind€of€metaphysics€is€Kant€hoping€to€do,€and€what€kind€has€he€tried€to€kill€offÐ L$ Ðonce€and€for€all?Ð r #r # Ðà ° à€€€ððà0 r àWhy€does€Kant€give€such€short€shrift€to€the€history€of€pure€reason?Ð&ì!r #r # ÐñÕñÔ% € ÔñÕñ