Statistics about Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Geography
Population
Government
Economy
Communications

Geography:

Location:
Southeastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula, between Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro

Area:
total area: 51,233 km2 comparative area: slightly larger than Tennessee, USA
Boundries:
1, 369 km
Coastline:
20 km
Climate:
hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast.
Terrain:
mountains and valleys
Natural resources:
coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, timber, wood productss, copper, chromium, lead, zinc
Environment:
air pollution from metallurgical plants; water scarce; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; subject to frequent and destructive earthquakes

Population*

Population:
4,618,804 (July 1993)
Poppulation growth rate:
0.72%
Birth rate:
13.54 births/1,000 people
Death rate:
6.38 deaths/1,000 people
Infant mortality rate:
13.2 deaths/1,000 people
Life expectansy at birth:
74.8 years
Fertility rate:
1.62 children/woman
Nationality:
Bosnian, Herzogovinian
Ethnic divisions:
Muslim 44%, Serb 31%, Croat 17%, other 8%
Religions:
Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 99%
Literacy:
NA

Labor Force:
1,026,254 by occupation: agriculture 2%, industry, mining 45% (1991 est.)

Government

Names:
conventional:
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
local:
Republika Bosna i Hecegovina
Type:
emerging democracy
Capital:
Sarajevo
Administrative divisions:
109 districts
Independence:
NA April 1992 (from Yugoslavia)
Constitution:
NA
Legal system:
based on civil law system
Major political parties:
Party of Democrati Action (SDA), Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina (HDZ BiH), Serbian Democratic Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (SDS BiH), Muslim-Bosnian Organization (MBO), Party of Socialists (DSS), Party of Democratic Changes (SPO)
Executive Branch:
collective presidency, prime minister, deputy prime ministers, cabinet
Legislative Branch:
bicameral National Assembly consists of an upper house or Chamber of Municipalities (Vijece Opeina) and a lower house or Chamber of Citizens (Vijece Gradanstvo)
Judical Branch:
Supreme Court, Constitutional Court
Leaders:
Chief of State: President Alija Izetbegovic, other members of collective presidency: Ejup Ganic, Miro Lasic, Mirko Pefanovic, Tatjana Ljujic-Mijatovic, Fikret Abdic Head of Government: Prime Minister Mile Akmadzic
Member of:
CEI, CSCE, ECE, UN, UNCTAD, WHO
Flag:
white with a large blue shield; the shield contains white Roman crosses with a white diagonal band running from the upper hoist corner to the lower fly side

Economy**

Overview:
Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked along with Macedonia as the poorest republic in former Yugoslav federation. Although agriculture is almost all in private hands, it has been inefficient. Continueing bitter warfare caused production to plummet and unemployment and inflation to soar.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $14 billion
National product real growth rate:
-37%
National product per capita:
$3,200
Inflation rate:
80% per month
Unemployment rate:
28%
Budget:
NA
Exports:
$2,054 million commodities: manufactured goods 31%, machinery and transport equipment 20.8%, raw materials 18%, miscellaneous manufactured articles 17.3%, chemicals 9.4%, fuel and lubricants 1.4%, food adn live animals 1.2% partners: other former Yugoslav republics
Imports:
$1,891 million commodities: fuels and lubricants 32%, machinery and transport equipment 23.3%, other manufactures 21.3%, chemicals 10%, raw materials 6.7%, food and live anumals 5.5%, beverages and tobacco 1.9% partners: other former Yugoslav republics
External debt:
NA
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%, but production is sharply down because of interethnic and interrepublic warfare
Electricity:
3,800,000 kW capacity; 7,500 million kWh produced, 1,700 kWh per capita
Industries:
steel production, mining (coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, and bauxite), manufacturing, oil refining
Agriculture:
accounted for 9.0% of GDP in 1989; produces 50% of food needs; foothills of norther Bosnia support orchards, vineyards, livestock, and some wheat and corn; farms mostly privatly held, small and not very productive
Economic aid:
NA%
Currency:
Croatian dinar used in ethnic Croat areas, "Yugoslav" dinar used in all other areas
Fiscal year:
calendar year

Communications

Railroads:
NA
Highways:
21,168 km total (1991); 11,436 km paved, 8,146 km gravel, 1,586 km earth
Pipelines:
crude oil 174 km, natural gas 90 km (1992)
Ports:
coastal - none; inland - Bosanski Brod on the Sava River
Airports:
total:
27
useable:
22
with permanent-surface runways:
8
with runways over 3659:
0
with runways 2440-3659:
4
with runways 1220-2439:
5
Telecommunications:
telephone and telegraph network is in need of modernization and expansion, many urban areas being below average compared with services in other former Yugoslav republic; 727,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 9 AM, 2 FM, 6 TV; 840,000 radios; 1,012,094 TVs; satellite ground stations - none

*all data dealing with population is subject to considerable error because of the migrations caused by military actions and ethnic cleansing.
**economic statistics are from 1991, since no information about the later years is available, although output clearly fell since then because of warfare.

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