UN Involvement In The Conflict



On 25 September 1991 the UN called all states to have a "general and complete embargo on all deliveries of all weapons and military equipment to (former) Yugoslavia".

On 8 June 1992 the security council of the UN had military observers to oversee the withdrawal of anti-aircraft and heavy weapons at certain locations in Sarajevo. To have humanitarian airlifts able to run, the UN deployed troops to the airport on 3 July 1992.

On 9 October 1992, the Security Council banned all military flights from going into the airspace of Bosnia, except the flights of UNPROFOR and other organizations supporting the UN operation. The Council inquired that observers be put in certain location that would enable them to monitor aircraft that goes into the airspace. On March 17, 1993 the Security Council required the Bosnian Serbs to give explanations to why 465 violations of the no-fly zone policy was made. On 31 March 1993, the UN permitted that Member States to use any force necessary to assure that the ban on flights be complied. The UN established that liaison teams of the UNPROFOR would command headquarters of NATO countries included in the North Atlantic CouncilÍs plan to have operations beginning at 1200 GMT on 12 April 1993 to enforce the ńNo-Fly zoneî. Thus after the operation there were 1,484 violations that had been reported.

On 10 September 1992, the Security-General recommended the UNPROFOR to provide protection to the UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) whenever and wherever the UNHCR felt necessary. During May 1993, because of intense fighting, the main supply lines to the northern Bosnia had been cut. The UNPROFOR and UNHCR together initiated "Operation Lifeline" to try to ensure the lives of an estimated 2.7 million people during the winter.

On 16 April 1993, the UN demanded that all parties to have Srebrenica and its nearby areas to become a safe area. The safe area was to be an area that attacks and any other acts of war to be forbidden. It was requested by the Council to the Secretary-General to have UNPROFOR presence in Srebrenica to try to ensure the safe transfer of the sick and injured. On the next day, UNPROFOR's Force Commander signed an agreement to demilitarize Srebrenica with Commander of the Serbs forces and the Commander of the Bosnian Muslim forces. By noon of 21 April 1993, 170 UNPROFOR personnel was able to demilitarized Srebrenica. Through a mission consisted of representatives of France, Hungary, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, and Venezuela; the Security Council proclaimed that Sarajevo, Tuzla, Zepa, Gorazde, Bihac, and its nearby areas to also be considered as safe areas. On 4 June 1993, the UNPROFOR proclaimed that Member States has the authorization to be able to use force (including air power) in order to protect: the safe areas from being attacked, the freedom of UNPROFOR movement from being challenged, or humanitarian convoys from being attacked. On 14 June 1993, the Security General reported in inviting NATO to coordinate the use of air power with him. On 18 June 1993, the Security Council allowed the reinforcement of 7,600 troops.

On 21 December 1992, the Secretary-General recommended to the Security Council that UNPROFOR should have a mandate that would allow them to be able to search, and seize or turn back: weapons, sanctioned goods, and personnel. To do so, he proposed that there is a need for 10,000 more troops to be added in order to have around the clock observation and search at the 123 crossing points between Bosnia's neighbors. On 1 July 1993, the Secretary-General speculated that full border control would be too impractical because the resources for additional world-wide peace-keeping has become too stretched. The Security-General suggested to monitor the borders with observers, but the observers would not be able to check what exactly the goods are that are coming in and out of Bosnia.

The Security-General points out that in mid-June 93, the UN outstanding peace-keeping accounts were totaled to be $1.26 billion and their debts to be $2.236 billion. On 4 February 1994 the security Council demanded that the Croatia to get out of the central and southern part of Bosnia. The Security-General reported that in 18 February 1994 that 5000 Croats were determined to still be in Bosnia. Non of the HV (Croat Army) command post, or brigade had been found. The UNPROFOR believe that they took the insignia off there uniforms and repainted there vehicles in order to hide from being identified.

The NAC (North Atlantic Conference) set ten days from 2400 GMT 10 February 1994, that if any parties other than UNPROFOR was spotted to have heavy weapons within the Sarajevo exclusion zone would be subjected to NATO air-strikes. On 9 February 1994, a seize fire had been negotiated by the warring parties around Sarajevo.

On 22 March 1994, the first UNPROFOR flight landed in Tuzla airport, this flight was the beginning of what the UN expected to bring relief supplies to many people that are within the area.

On 23 September 1994, sanctions that applies to "all activities of an economic nature, including commercial, financial, and industrial activities and transactions" would not be put to the Bosnian Serbs if they acccepted completely to the proposed territorial agreement.

The Security Councils demands that Bosnian Serbs to withdrawal immediately out of Bihac safe area on 28 November 1994. Since the UN was not able to succeed on their mission their powers were transfer to NATO on 15 December 1995.


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